By Rick
Noack and Lazaro
Gamio
April 23 at 5:00 AM - The Washington Post
These seven maps and charts, visualized by The Washington Post, will help you
understand how diverse other parts of the world are in terms of
languages.
1. Some continents have more languages than others
Not all continents are equally diverse in the number of spoken languages.
Whereas Asia leads the statistics
with 2,301 languages, Africa follows closely with 2,138.
There are about 1,300 languages in the Pacific, and 1,064 in South and North
America. Europe, despite its many nation-states, is at the bottom of the pack
with just 286.
2. These are the languages with the most native
speakers
Chinese has more native speakers than any other language, followed
by Hindi and Urdu, which have the same linguistic origins in northern India.
English comes next with 527 million native speakers. Arabic is used by
nearly 100 million more native speakers than Spanish.
The numbers are fascinating because they reflect the fact that two-thirds of
the world's population share only 12 native languages. Those numbers were
recently published by the University of Düsseldorf's Ulrich Ammon, who conducted
a 15-year-long study.
His numbers are surprising, compared with the ones featured in the
CIA's Factbook. According to the CIA, Spanish is spoken by 4.85 percent of
the world's population and its use is even more widespread than English, which
is spoken by 4.83 percent. However, the CIA numbers include only first
native languages. Many people are bilingual, and whereas Spanish might be
their first native language, English could be their second one. Ammon counts
both first and second native language speakers.
3. This map shows the countries with the most and least
diversity of languages
As our visualization of Greenberg's diversity index shows, the United
States is not as linguistically diverse as many other nations.
If you randomly select two people in Cameroon, for instance, there is a 97
percent likelihood that they will have different mother tongues. In the United
States, there is only a 33 percent likelihood that this is going to happen. You
can click on the various countries shown in the map above to find out how
the United States compares with other countries.
4. Many popular languages are spoken in more than just one
country
The reason why English, French and Spanish are among the world's most
widespread languages has its roots in the imperial past of the nations
where they originate.
5. English is widely used as an official language
However, whether a country has English as its official language says little
about how its citizens really communicate with one another. In some of the
nations highlighted above, only a tiny minority learned English as a
native language.
6. Nevertheless, most languages are spoken only by a handful of
people. That's why about half of the world's languages will
disappear by the end of the century
About 3 percent of the world's population accounts for 96 percent of all
languages spoken today. Out of all languages in the world, 2,000 have
fewer than 1,000 native speakers.
Hence, according to UNESCO
estimates, which we visualized in the map above, about half of the world's
spoken languages will disappear by the end of the century. You can click on
the map to enlarge it.
Linguistic extinction will hit some countries and regions harder than others.
In the United States, endangered languages are primarily located along the West
coast, as well as in reservations of indigenous people in the Midwest.
Globally,the Amazon rain forest, sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania, Australia and
Southeast Asia are about to lose the most languages.
7. This chart shows how many people learn a language all over the
world
Whereas English lags behind in the number of native speakers, it is by far
the world's most commonly studied language. Overall, more people learn
English than French, Spanish, Italian, Japanese, German and Chinese
combined.
Some languages have only recently gained attention: The number of U.S.
colleges that teach Chinese has risen
by 110 percent between 1990 and 2013, making the language more accessible.
During the same time, the number of offered Russian college courses decreased
by 30 percent.
Some language skills could be more rewarding than others. If you are
able to speak German, Americans could earn $128,000 extra throughout their
career, according to MIT scientist
Albert Saiz. At least financially, German is worth twice as much as French
and nearly three times as much as Spanish, for instance.